Higher classification of Helicoidea (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) and the molecular analyses of their phylogeny

Hartmut Nordsieck

Abstract

The molecular analyses of Helicoidean phylogeny from the last years are evaluated in comparison with the modern classification of the superfamily based on morphology.
Key words: Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Helicoidea, classification, molecular phylogeny.

Introduction

Within the last few years, molecular analyses of helicoidean phylogeny have been published by several authors (Wade et al. 2001, Steinke et al. 2004, Koene & Schulenburg 2005, Manganelli et al. 2005, Wade et al. 2006, 2007).
The current classification of the Helicoidea is mainly based on genital morphology. The conclusion that lack of agreement of the results of molecular analyses with the classification is due to the fact that genital characters are unsuited because presenting “high levels of homoplasy” (Mejia & Zuniga 2007: 588) is premature. In this paper an attempt is made to discuss the results of the molecular analyses with reference to the higher classification of the Helicoidea. I consider such an evaluation of fundamental importance for any further work on the phylogeny of the superfamily.
It consists of three parts,
(1) the higher (family) classification of the Helicoidea based on genital morphology,
(2) the evaluation of the results achieved by the working groups occupied with European Helicoidea, and
(3) the evaluation of the results of Wade et al. (2006, 2007) for world-wide Helicoidea.
The evaluations focus on the questions:
What has been confirmed?
Are there any new insights?
What are the major discrepancies to the morphological results?
At which points are there relevant differences between the results?

References

The following list contains not only the literature cited in the text, but the whole literature of the last decades used.

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Part 2. European Helicoidea <

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